ABSTRACT
@#Objective To investigate the spatial organization of neurons, blood vessel and astrocytes at different time of reperfusion after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=8), reperfusion 1 day group and reperfusion 2 weeks group. The latter 2 groups were occluded the middle cerebral arteries for an hour and reperfused. All the rats were injected with gelatin ink. The expressions of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) in the brain were observed with immunohistochemistry. Results The vessels located mainly in cortex and nucleus. Most of astrocytes apophysis connected with vessels and neurons. Compared to the sham group, the expression of GFAP increased significantly in ischemic side, and the expression of NeuN decreased 1 day and 2 weeks after ischemia-reperfusion. The vessels decreased in the ischemic side 1 day after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and then increased 2 weeks later. Conclusion The organization of neurovascular unit after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion has been observed.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the spatial organization of neurons, blood vessel and astrocytes at different time of reperfusion after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=8), reperfusion 1 day group and reperfusion 2 weeks group. The latter 2 groups were occluded the middle cerebral arteries for an hour and reperfused. All the rats were injected with gelatin ink. The expressions of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) in the brain were ob-served with immunohistochemistry. Results The vessels located mainly in cortex and nucleus. Most of astrocytes apophysis connected with vessels and neurons. Compared to the sham group, the expression of GFAP increased significantly in ischemic side, and the expression of NeuN decreased 1 day and 2 weeks after ischemia-reperfusion. The vessels decreased in the ischemic side 1 day after cerebral ischemia-re-perfusion, and then increased 2 weeks later. Conclusion The organization of neurovascular unit after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion has been observed.
ABSTRACT
Este estudo teve o propósito de verificar a consistência interna bem como validar instrumento (Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor EDM) que possa ser utilizado para avaliar a organização espacial em crianças de 6 a 10 anos de idade. Fizeram parte da amostra 101 escolares de duas escolas públicas da cidade de Florianópolis / SC, de ambos os sexos, alunos do 1º ao 4º ano. Foi realizada a avaliação da organização espacial por meio da aplicação da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor durante os meses de abril a agosto de 2008. Para a análise da consistência interna da bateria de testes da organização espacial foram utilizados os testes Alpha de Cronbach e Correlação Linear de Pearson. Os resultados demonstraram que a bateria de testes da Organização Espacial da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor se mostrou fidedigna para avaliação de crianças brasileiras entre 6 e 10 anos de idade.
The objective of this study was to verify the internal consistency and validate an instrument (MDS - Motor Development Scale) to be used to evaluate spatial organization in children from six to ten years old. The sample was composed of 101 students from two public schools in the city of Florianópolis / SC, Brazil, both genders, students attending from 1st to 4th grade. Spatial organization was evaluated using the Motor Development Scale during the months of April to August, 2008. Cronbach's Alpha and Pearson's linear correlation was used for verifying the internal consistency of the battery of tests for spatial organization. The results showed that the battery of tests for spatial organization in the Motor Development Scale is reliable for assessment of Brazilian children between 6 and 10 years of age.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Psychomotor Performance , Child Development , Space PerceptionABSTRACT
Este estudo analisou a influência de variações físicas dos estímulos, com base na organização espacial de figura-fundo criada pela associação dos efeitos ilusórios de contraste simultâneo de luminosidade e de contornos subjetivos. A cada participante, no total de 64, foram apresentadas 160 matrizes de escolha, cada uma composta de um estímulo modelo e quatro estímulos de comparação, devendo ser identificado qual dos quatro estímulos de comparação correspondia ao estímulo modelo. A diferença significativa entre as médias de ajuste visual verificadas para a condição de contorno subjetivo médio e para a condição controle (sem contorno) mostrou que a formação clássica de contornos subjetivos de Kanizsa, quando associada ao efeito de contraste simultâneo de luminosidade, influenciou a percepção de luminosidade dos participantes.
This study investigated the influence of physical variations of stimuli, based on the spatial organization of figure-ground, which is created by the association of illusory effects of simultaneous lightness contrast and subjective contours. One hundred and sixty matrixes were presented to each participant, among a total of 64. Each matrix was composed of one sample stimulus and four comparison stimuli, and the task was to identify which of the four comparison stimuli corresponded to the sample stimulus. The significant difference between the averages of visual adjustment that were verified for the medium subjective contour and for the control condition (without contour) showed that the classical formation of Kanizsa subjective contours influenced visual perception when associated with the effect of simultaneous lightness contrast.
Subject(s)
Visual Perception , Form Perception , LightABSTRACT
Spatially and temporally programmed expression of the Hox genes along the antero-posterior (A-P) axis is essential for correct pattern formation during embryonic development. An accumulating body of evidence indicates the pivotal role of spatial chromatin organization for the coordination of gene regulation. Recently, chromosome conformation capture (3C) technique has been developed and opened a new way to study chromosomal interactions in the nucleus. In this study, we describe 3C method we applied in F9 embryonic teratocarcinoma cells and demonstrate that the chromosomal interactions at Hox loci are successfully detected. Interestingly, at Hoxc loci, the abundance of intrachromosomal interactions with neighboring fragments was drastically decreased when the genes are expressed. These results indicate the possibility of the dynamic pattern of chromosomal interaction in association with the transcriptional regulation of Hox genes.
Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Axis, Cervical Vertebra , Chromatin , Embryonic Development , Gene Expression , Genes, Homeobox , Teratocarcinoma , Transcriptional ActivationABSTRACT
Objetiva-se mostrar como vem sendo feita a integração entre Psicologia Ambiental, Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Educação Infantil, tendo como base pesquisas empíricas com foco na organização espacial em creches, agrupadas em duas linhas: (1) pesquisas sobre arranjo espacial (maneira como móveis/equipamentos estão posicionados em salas de crianças de 1-2/2-3/3-4 anos), evidenciaram como um dos elementos ambientais mediadores da interação criança-criança e criança-educador favorece certas práticas educativas e interativas e impede outras; (2) estudos sobre uma escala norte-americana de avaliação de qualidade de ambientes infantis coletivos e outro sobre análise de princípios de qualidade de creches em documentos nacionais e estrangeiros indicaram a adequabilidade da escala para nosso contexto e o compartilhamento de indicadores de qualidade. Tais dados empíricos demonstram a possibilidade de integração entre Psicologia Ambiental, do Desenvolvimento e Educação Infantil.
This paper aimed to show the integration between Environmental Psychology, Developmental Psychology, and Early Childhood Education, focusing on two groups of empirical studies on spatial organization in day-care centers: (1) studies on spatial arrangement (the way in which furniture / equipments are arranged in rooms for 1-2/2-3/3-4 year-old children); (2) studies on a North-American scale for assessing the quality of center-based child care, and another study on principles of quality of day-care centers in national and foreign documents. The first group has shown that spatial arrangement is one of the environmental elements which mediate interaction between child-child and child-educator, favoring certain educational and interactive practices and avoiding others. The second group has indicated that the scale is suitable for the Brazilian context and quality indicators can be shared. Such empirical data demonstrate the possibility of integrating Environmental Psychology, Developmental Psychology and Early Childhood Education.
El objetivo es demostrar como viene siendo hecha la integración entre Psicología Ambiental, Psicología del Desarrollo y Educación Infantil, teniendo como base investigaciones empíricas con foco en el tema organización de espacios en guarderías, agrupadas en dos líneas: (1) investigaciones sobre el arreglo espacial (forma como los muebles/equipos están dispuestos en clases de niños de 1-2/2-3/3-4 años), que se mostraron como uno de los elementos ambientales mediadores de la interacción niñoniño y niñoeducador, favoreciendo ciertas prácticas educativas e interactivas e impidiendo otras; (2) estudios sobre una escala norte-americana de evaluación de calidad de ambientes infantiles y otro sobre análisis de principios de calidad de guarderías en documentos nacionales y extranjeros indicaron la adecuación de la escala para nuestro contexto y los indicadores de calidad compartidos. Tales datos empíricos demuestran la posibilidad de integración entre Psicología Ambiental, Psicología del Desarrollo y Educación Infantil.